Essential Eight: Why Australian Businesses Should Implement This Cybersecurity Framework

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Cyber threats are increasing in both frequency and sophistication, making it essential for organisations to strengthen their cybersecurity posture. To address these risks, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) developed the Essential Eight cybersecurity framework—a strategic approach to mitigating common cyber threats.

While the Essential Eight is mandatory for non-corporate Commonwealth entities (NCCEs), private businesses are strongly encouraged to adopt these security measures. Implementing the framework can significantly reduce cyber risks, prevent financial losses, and enhance overall resilience.

This guide will explain the Essential Eight framework, its benefits for businesses, and the practical steps organisations can take to align with its recommendations.

What is the Essential Eight?

The Essential Eight is a cybersecurity framework developed by the ACSC to help organisations protect their systems from cyber threats. First introduced in 2017, it expands on the "Top Four" security controls initially recommended by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD).

The framework consists of eight security strategies divided into three key objectives:

1. Prevent Cyberattacks

  • Patch application vulnerabilities – Ensure all software is updated to fix security flaws.
  • Implement application control – Restrict which applications can run on systems to prevent malware.
  • Harden user applications – Configure software to reduce security risks.
  • Configure Microsoft Office macros – Limit the use of macros to prevent malicious code execution.

2. Limit the Impact of Cyberattacks

  • Patch operating system vulnerabilities – Keep operating systems updated with the latest security patches.
  • Restrict administrative privileges – Limit access to sensitive systems to reduce the risk of privilege abuse.
  • Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) – Require multiple verification methods to access systems.

3. Ensure Data Recovery and System Availability

  • Conduct daily backups – Regularly back up critical data to allow recovery after a cyber incident.

By implementing these strategies, businesses can significantly reduce their exposure to cyber threats, including ransomware, phishing, and data breaches.

Who Needs to Follow the Essential Eight?

Mandatory for Government Agencies

The Australian government requires all 98 non-corporate Commonwealth entities (NCCEs) to comply with the Essential Eight framework. These agencies must implement all eight security controls and will undergo audits every five years to ensure compliance.

Recommended for Private Businesses

For private sector organisations, the Essential Eight is not legally required but is highly recommended. Many businesses, especially those in industries like finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, are voluntarily implementing the framework to:

  • Strengthen their cybersecurity posture
  • Meet industry best practices
  • Protect sensitive customer and business data
  • Reduce the risk of costly breaches and cyber incidents

While businesses are not legally required to follow the Essential Eight, failing to adopt these protections can leave them vulnerable to cyber threats and potential regulatory penalties under other cybersecurity laws.

Understanding the Maturity Levels

The Essential Eight framework includes a three-tiered maturity model, allowing organisations to assess their security posture and gradually improve over time.

  • Maturity Level One – Basic implementation with some security gaps.
  • Maturity Level Two – Stronger security measures, but some risks remain.
  • Maturity Level Three – Full implementation, offering the highest level of cyber resilience.

The ASD strongly recommends that businesses aim for Maturity Level 3 to ensure optimal protection against cyber threats.

Benefits of Implementing the Essential Eight

Even though the Essential Eight is only mandatory for government agencies, businesses that voluntarily adopt it can benefit in several ways:

  • Reduced Cyber Risk – Strengthens defences against malware, phishing, and ransomware attacks.
  • Lower Financial & Legal Risks – Minimises the risk of regulatory fines, legal consequences, and financial losses from cyber incidents.
  • Stronger Compliance with Industry Standards – Helps businesses align with cybersecurity best practices and industry regulations.
  • Enhanced Customer & Partner Trust – Demonstrates a commitment to protecting sensitive data, improving business credibility.

How Businesses Can Align with the Essential Eight

1. Patch Applications and Operating Systems

  • Regularly update all software and operating systems.
  • Enable automated patching for critical security updates.
  • Maintain a vulnerability management program to monitor and remediate risks.

2. Implement Application Control

  • Restrict which applications can run on company systems.
  • Use application whitelisting to block unapproved software.
  • Regularly review and update approved applications.

3. Harden User Applications

  • Block unnecessary software features (e.g., Flash, Java).
  • Configure web browsers and email clients to reduce security risks.
  • Enforce security settings across all user applications.

4. Restrict Microsoft Office Macros

  • Disable macros unless they are from trusted sources.
  • Use group policy settings to enforce macro security restrictions.
  • Train employees to identify and avoid malicious macros.

5. Restrict Administrative Privileges

  • Only grant admin access to users who absolutely need it.
  • Regularly review and remove unused privileged accounts.
  • Implement Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions.

6. Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

  • Require MFA for all remote access, admin accounts, and critical systems.
  • Use secure authentication methods like biometrics or hardware tokens.
  • Avoid SMS-based MFA, as it is vulnerable to attacks.

7. Conduct Daily Backups

  • Back up critical data daily and store copies in multiple locations.
  • Regularly test backup restoration to ensure data can be recovered.
  • Implement immutable backups to prevent ransomware encryption.

Why Businesses Should Act Now

Although the Essential Eight is only mandatory for government agencies, it provides a proven cybersecurity strategy that all businesses can benefit from. By adopting these security controls, organisations can:

  • Reduce exposure to ransomware, phishing, and cyberattacks.
  • Lower the risk of financial loss and reputational damage from data breaches.
  • Improve compliance with industry standards and customer expectations.

Cyber threats are evolving, and waiting until an attack happens is too late. Proactively implementing the Essential Eight can help businesses build resilience and strengthen their security posture before a breach occurs.

Next Steps for Your Business

To begin aligning with the Essential Eight framework:

  1. Conduct a Cybersecurity Audit – Assess your organisation’s current security posture.
  2. Update Security Policies – Ensure all policies align with the Essential Eight recommendations.
  3. Train Employees – Provide cybersecurity awareness training for all staff.
  4. Invest in Security Solutions – Implement the necessary security technologies to meet Essential Eight standards.
  5. Monitor & Improve – Continuously evaluate and update security measures as threats evolve.

Final Thoughts

While the Essential Eight is not mandatory for private businesses, it represents one of the best cybersecurity strategies available. Implementing these controls can greatly reduce cyber risk, enhance regulatory compliance, and improve business resilience.

Now is the time to act. Strengthening cybersecurity is not just about avoiding fines or meeting regulations—it is about protecting your business, your customers, and your reputation.

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